## Tcl8.6.15/Tk8.6.15 Documentation > Tcl Commands, version 8.6.15 > encoding

### Tcl/Tk Applications | Tcl Commands | Tk Commands | [incr Tcl] Package Commands | SQLite3 Package Commands | TDBC Package Commands | tdbc::mysql Package Commands | tdbc::odbc Package Commands | tdbc::postgres Package Commands | tdbc::sqlite3 Package Commands | Thread Package Commands | Tcl C API | Tk C API | [incr Tcl] Package C API | TDBC Package C API

  NAME
    encoding — Manipulate encodings
  SYNOPSIS
  INTRODUCTION
  DESCRIPTION
    encoding convertfrom ?encoding? data
    encoding convertto ?encoding? string
    encoding dirs ?directoryList?
    encoding names
    encoding system ?encoding?
  EXAMPLE
  SEE ALSO
  KEYWORDS

### NAME

encoding — Manipulate encodings

### SYNOPSIS

encoding option ?arg arg ...?

### INTRODUCTION

Strings in Tcl are logically a sequence of 16-bit Unicode characters. These strings are represented in memory as a sequence of bytes that may be in one of several encodings: modified UTF-8 (which uses 1 to 3 bytes per character), 16-bit “Unicode” (which uses 2 bytes per character, with an endianness that is dependent on the host architecture), and binary (which uses a single byte per character but only handles a restricted range of characters). Tcl does not guarantee to always use the same encoding for the same string.

Different operating system interfaces or applications may generate strings in other encodings such as Shift-JIS. The encoding command helps to bridge the gap between Unicode and these other formats.

### DESCRIPTION

Performs one of several encoding related operations, depending on option. The legal options are:

encoding convertfrom ?encoding? data
  Convert data to Unicode from the specified encoding. The characters in data are treated as binary data where the lower 8-bits of each character is taken as a single byte. The resulting sequence of bytes is treated as a string in the specified encoding. If encoding is not specified, the current system encoding is used.

encoding convertto ?encoding? string
  Convert string from Unicode to the specified encoding. The result is a sequence of bytes that represents the converted string. Each byte is stored in the lower 8-bits of a Unicode character (indeed, the resulting string is a binary string as far as Tcl is concerned, at least initially). If encoding is not specified, the current system encoding is used.

encoding dirs ?directoryList?
  Tcl can load encoding data files from the file system that describe additional encodings for it to work with. This command sets the search path for *.enc encoding data files to the list of directories directoryList. If directoryList is omitted then the command returns the current list of directories that make up the search path. It is an error for directoryList to not be a valid list. If, when a search for an encoding data file is happening, an element in directoryList does not refer to a readable, searchable directory, that element is ignored.

encoding names
  Returns a list containing the names of all of the encodings that are currently available. The encodings “utf-8” and “iso8859-1” are guaranteed to be present in the list.

encoding system ?encoding?
  Set the system encoding to encoding. If encoding is omitted then the command returns the current system encoding. The system encoding is used whenever Tcl passes strings to system calls.

### EXAMPLE

The following example converts a byte sequence in Japanese euc-jp encoding to a TCL string:

    set s [encoding convertfrom euc-jp "\xA4\xCF"]

The result is the unicode codepoint: “\u306F”, which is the Hiragana letter HA.

### SEE ALSO

Tcl_GetEncoding, fconfigure

### KEYWORDS

encoding, unicode
Copyright © 1998 Scriptics Corporation.